ISO-IEC-27001-Foundation Exam Brain Dumps - Study Notes and Theory [Jul-2026]
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APMG-International ISO-IEC-27001-Foundation Exam Syllabus Topics:
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| Topic 2 |
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| Topic 4 |
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| Topic 5 |
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NEW QUESTION # 24
Which information is required to be included in the Statement of Applicability?
- A. The risk assessment approach of the organization
- B. The criteria against which risk will be evaluated
- C. The scope and boundaries of the ISMS
- D. The justification for including each information security control
Answer: D
Explanation:
Clause 6.1.3 (d) requires that the organization"produce a Statement of Applicability that contains the necessary controls (see Annex A), and justification for inclusions, whether they are implemented or not, and the justification for exclusions." This is the defining requirement of the SoA: it documents which Annex A controls are relevant, which are implemented, and the justification for inclusion/exclusion. While the ISMS scope (A) is documented in Clause 4.3, and risk evaluation criteria (C) are defined in Clause 6.1.2, these do not belong in the SoA. The SoA does not describe the full risk assessment approach (B); that is part of the risk assessment methodology.
Therefore, the mandatory requirement for the SoA isjustification for including (or excluding) each information security control.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which action must top management take to provide evidence of its commitment to the establishment, operation and improvement of the ISMS?
- A. Implementing the actions from internal audits
- B. Ensuring information security objectives are established
- C. Communicating feedback from interested parties to the organization
- D. Producing a risk assessment report
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 5.1 (Leadership and Commitment) requires top management to demonstrate leadership by:
* "ensuring the information security policy and the information security objectives are established and are compatible with the strategic direction of the organization;"
* "ensuring the integration of the ISMS requirements into the organization's processes;"
* "ensuring that the resources needed for the ISMS are available;"
Among the options, the one explicitly mandated isensuring that information security objectives are established. Risk assessments (C) and implementing audit actions (D) are responsibilities of management but not the direct leadership evidence required in Clause 5.1. Communicating interested party feedback (A) is relevant but not specifically cited as leadership evidence. Thus, the verified answer isB.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which output is a required result from risk analysis?
- A. Risk acceptance criteria
- B. Prioritized risks for treatment
- C. Determined levels of risk
- D. Risk treatment control options
Answer: C
Explanation:
Clause 6.1.2 (d) states that duringrisk analysis, the organization shall:
* "assess the potential consequences that would result if the risks identified... were to materialize;"
* "assess the realistic likelihood of the occurrence of the risks identified;"
* "determine the levels of risk."
This makes it clear that the requiredoutput of risk analysis is the determined levels of risk. Risk acceptance criteria (A) are set earlier in 6.1.2(a), treatment control options (C) belong to 6.1.3, and prioritization (D) is part of risk evaluation (6.1.2 e). Therefore, the verified correct output isB: Determined levels of risk.
NEW QUESTION # 27
When are the information security policies required to be reviewed, according to the Policies for information security control?
- A. Every six months
- B. At planned intervals and if significant changes occur
- C. According to a schedule defined by the Certification Body
- D. Annually
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standards:
Annex A.5.1 (Policies for information security) specifies:
"Information security policy and topic-specific policies should be defined, approved by management, published, communicated to and acknowledged by relevant personnel and relevant interested parties, and reviewed at planned intervals and if significant changes occur." This clearly identifies the review frequency requirement: planned intervalsandwhenever there are significant changes. Options A and B (six-monthly or annually) are not prescribed by ISO - timing is left to the organization. Option C is also wrong, since Certification Bodies do not dictate policy review schedules.
Therefore, the verified correct answer isD.
NEW QUESTION # 28
What is the definition of a threat according to ISO/IEC 27000?
- A. A potential cause of an unwanted incident which can result in harm to a system or organization
- B. A weakness of an asset or a control that can be exploited
- C. A single or a series of unwanted or unexpected information security events
- D. The risk remaining after risk treatment
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27000 standards:
According to ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.74, athreatis defined as:
"Potential cause of an unwanted incident, which can result in harm to a system or organization." This definition directly matches option A.
* Option B refers to an "information security incident" (ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.32).
* Option C describes a "vulnerability" (ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.67).
* Option D refers to "residual risk" (ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.61).
The standard emphasizes that threats exploit vulnerabilities, causing incidents that can harm information confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Correctly identifying threats is critical for risk assessment (Clause
6.1.2). Thus, the correct definition per ISO/IEC 27000 isA.
NEW QUESTION # 29
To whom are the information security policies required to be communicated, according to the control in Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001?
- A. Relevant personnel and relevant interested parties
- B. Employees within the scope of the ISMS
- C. Top management
- D. Only staff with accountability for ISMS operation
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standards:
Annex A.5.1 (Policies for information security) clearly specifies:
"Information security policy and topic-specific policies should be defined, approved by management, published, communicated to and acknowledged by relevant personnel and relevant interested parties..." This means the communication obligation is not limited to top management (A) or only ISMS staff (B), nor does it stop at employees only (C). Instead, ISO/IEC 27001/27002 mandate a broader scope: allrelevant personnel and relevant interested partiesmust be informed. This ensures both internal stakeholders (employees, contractors, temporary staff) and external interested parties (suppliers, partners, regulators, customers, etc.) receive the right policy communications where applicable. Therefore, the correct and verified answer isD.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which statement describes the Classification of information control in Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001?
- A. Ensures the rules to control physical and logical access apply to assets
- B. Ensures that all information assets are labelled with their classification
- C. Ensures that security perimeters are used to protect assets
- D. Ensures that information is classified based on confidentiality, integrity and availability
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standards:
Annex A.5.12 (Classification of information) states:
"Information should be classified according to the information security needs of the organization based on confidentiality, integrity and availability." This aligns directly with option B. Option A (labelling) is a separate control (Annex A.5.13). Option C (security perimeters) is under physical controls (Annex A.7.1). Option D (access control rules) relates to Annex A.5.15 and A.8.2.
Thus, the verified correct statement for the Classification of information control isB.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which statement is a factor that will influence the implementation of the information security management system?
- A. The ISMS will be scaled to the controls according to the needs of the organization
- B. The ISMS will be separate from the organization's overall management structure
- C. The ISMS will encompass all controls specified within ISO/IEC 27001
- D. The ISMS will be operated as an independent process within the organization
Answer: A
Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27001 makes clear that the ISMS is intended to be tailored to the organization. The standard states: " This document also includes requirements for the assessment and treatment of information security risks tailored to the needs of the organization. The requirements set out in this document are generic and are intended to be applicable to all organizations regardless of type, size or nature." This means implementation is scaled based on each organization's risk, context, and needs, not a fixed one-size-fits-all set of activities or controls. Clause 6.1.3 further reinforces that control selection is flexible and risk-driven: " Organizations can design controls as required or identify them from any source," and "Annex A contains a list of possible information security controls... The information security controls listed in Annex A are not exhaustive and additional information security controls can be included if needed." Together, these extracts verify that the ISMS implementation is influenced by and scaled to the organization's needs and selected controls, not separated from management processes (A, D) nor mandated to include "all controls" (B).
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following statements about the relationship between ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002 is true?
* ISO/IEC 27002 provides implementation advice on the controls selected during the ISO/IEC 27001 information security risk management process
* ISO/IEC 27002 provides a process for information security risk management which implements the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001
- A. Only 2 is true
- B. Only 1 is true
- C. Neither 1 or 2 is true
- D. Both 1 and 2 are true
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27001 & 27002:2022 standards:
ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A lists reference controls. ISO/IEC 27002 providesdetailed guidance on the implementation of those controls, including purpose, guidance, and examples. Clause 6.1.3 of ISO/IEC
27001 makes the link explicit: controls from Annex A are referenced, but ISO/IEC 27002 explains how to implement them.
However, ISO/IEC 27002 doesnotprovide a process for risk management-that is covered by ISO/IEC
27005. Risk management requirements are in ISO/IEC 27001 (Clauses 6.1.2 and 6.1.3).
Therefore, statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false. Correct answer:A.
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is a requirement for a corrective action made in response to a nonconformity?
- A. They are appropriate to the effects of the nonconformity
- B. They do NOT change the organization's information security policies
- C. They always eliminate the cause of the nonconformity
- D. They are proportionate to the likelihood of the nonconformity recurring
Answer: A
Explanation:
Clause 10.1 (Nonconformity and corrective action) specifies:
"The organization shall react to the nonconformity and, as applicable: take action to control and correct it; deal with the consequences; evaluate the need for action to eliminate the cause(s)...
Corrective actions shall be appropriate to the effects of the nonconformities encountered." This confirms optionB. Option A is inaccurate-ISO requires actions appropriate toeffects, not probability alone. Option C is false-policies may need updating to correct nonconformities. Option D is incorrect, as not every cause can always be eliminated; residual issues may exist.
Thus, the verified requirement isB.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which item is required to be defined when planning the organization's risk assessment process?
- A. How the effectiveness of the method will be measured
- B. The criteria for acceptable levels of risk
- C. The parts of the ISMS scope which are excluded from the risk assessment
- D. There are NO specific information requirements
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 6.1.2 (Information security risk assessment) requires organizations to "define and apply an information security risk assessment process that... establishes and maintains information security risk criteria, including criteria for accepting risk." This means that acceptable levels of risk (risk acceptance criteria) must be explicitly defined. These criteria ensure consistent decision-making when evaluating whether identified risks need further treatment or can be tolerated.
Option A is incorrect because exclusions relate to the ISMS scope (Clause 4.3), not risk assessment planning.
Option B is not a requirement; effectiveness of risk assessment methods is not required to be measured, though methods must be applied consistently. Option D is false-the standard clearly specifies required elements for risk assessment.
Thus, the correct answer isC: The criteria for acceptable levels of risk.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which action is a required response to an identified residual risk?
- A. Top management shall delegate its treatment to risk owners
- B. It shall be reviewed by the risk owner to consider acceptance
- C. The organization shall change practices to avoid the risk occurring
- D. By default, it shall be controlled by information security awareness and training
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 6.1.3 (e) specifies:
"The organization shall obtain risk owners' approval of the information security risk treatment plan and acceptance of the residual information security risks." This confirms that residual risks - those remaining after risk treatment - must be reviewed and formally accepted by the designated risk owner. Option A is incorrect; awareness training is not a default control for all residual risks. Option B misrepresents leadership responsibility; top management ensures processes exist, but risk ownersformally approve residual risk. Option D (avoiding risk) is a treatment option, not the mandated requirement for residual risks.
Thus, the required response isC: Review and acceptance by the risk owner.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Identify the missing words in the following sentence.
The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and [ ? ] an information security management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this document.
- A. communicate the importance of
- B. report on
- C. enforce standards for
- D. continually improve
Answer: D
Explanation:
Clause 4.4 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 states:
"The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an information security management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this document." This requirement highlights that an ISMS is not static; it must evolve continuously to adapt to new risks, technologies, and business changes. Options A, C, and D are not mentioned in the clause. The continual improvement cycle is central to ISO standards, aligning with thePlan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)model.
Thus, the missing words are"continually improve."
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which statement about the conduct of audits is true?
- A. The certificate issued after a successful re-certification audit in typical schemes lasts for one year
- B. One of the focus areas for a surveillance audit is the output from internal audits and management reviews
- C. Third party audits are conducted by a customer of the organization
- D. During Stage 1 of a certification audit, evidence is collected by observing activities
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 9.2 (Internal Audit) and Clause 9.3 (Management Review) highlight that audit outputs and management reviews are key inputs for evaluating ISMS performance. Surveillance audits, conducted by Certification Bodies, check ongoing compliance and effectiveness. ISO certification schemes (per ISO/IEC
17021) require surveillance audits to verify whether corrective actions and continuous improvements are being made. A critical focus area is theresults of internal audits and management reviews, ensuring that the organization maintains its ISMS between certification cycles.
Option A is incorrect - third-party audits are performed by independent Certification Bodies, not customers.
Option B is incorrect - certificates are typically valid forthree yearswith annual surveillance. Option D is incorrect - Stage 1 is primarily adocumentation and readiness review, not evidence observation.
Therefore, the verified correct answer isC.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which attribute is NOT a required focus of continual ISMS improvement?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Adequacy
- C. Suitability
- D. Importance
Answer: D
Explanation:
Clause 10.2 (Continual Improvement) specifies that the organization must"continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the information security management system." This makes it clear that three attributes are explicitly required to be addressed:
* Suitability: ensuring the ISMS continues to meet organizational needs in changing contexts.
* Adequacy: ensuring the ISMS covers the necessary scope and provides sufficient control coverage.
* Effectiveness: ensuring the ISMS achieves intended outcomes in protecting information security.
The word"importance"is not part of the continual improvement requirement. Importance is implicit in prioritization of risks and actions, but it is not a required continual improvement attribute in ISO/IEC 27001.
Therefore, optionD: Importanceis the correct choice as it is not specified.
This distinction reinforces that continual improvement is not about subjective importance, but about systematic enhancement of the ISMS'ssuitability, adequacy, and effectiveness.
NEW QUESTION # 39
What is the name of the control clause used to control information security breaches within Annex A of ISO
/IEC 27001?
- A. Reporting information security incidents
- B. Information security event reporting
- C. Information security event management
- D. Response to information security events
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standards:
Annex A in ISO/IEC 27001 refers directly to ISO/IEC 27002 for control guidance. In ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 6.8 is titled:
"Information security event reporting - Information security events should be reported through appropriate management channels as quickly as possible." This control ensures breaches, incidents, or suspected issues are reported for action. The other options (B, C, D) are not the exact titles in Annex A. The official title isInformation security event reporting, confirming
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which item is required to be considered when defining the scope and boundaries of the information security management system?
- A. The lessons learned from the information security experiences of other organizations
- B. The dependencies between activities performed by the organization
- C. The level of quality to which the ISMS must adhere
- D. The regular activities necessary to maintain and improve the ISMS
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 4.3 (Determining the scope of the ISMS) requires consideration of:
"the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; the requirements referred to in 4.2; and interfaces and dependencies between activities performed by the organization, and those that are performed by other organizations." This confirms that dependencies between activities are a required factor when defining scope. Options B (quality levels), C (lessons learned), and D (regular activities for improvement) are not scope requirements, though they may be relevant in planning or improvement processes.
Thus, the verified answer is A: Dependencies between activities performed by the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which activity is an operational planning and control requirement?
- A. Document information security objectives
- B. Review the consequences of unintended changes
- C. Scheduling of second party audits
- D. Perform information security risk assessments at planned intervals
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control) requires organizations to:
"Ensure that changes are controlled. The organization shall review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary." This requirement ensures that operational processes are planned, controlled, and adjusted where unexpected changes occur. Risk assessments (B) are covered in Clause 6.1.2 (Planning), not operations. Scheduling second-party audits (C) is not an ISMS requirement but part of supplier/customer arrangements. Documenting objectives (D) belongs to Clause 6.2 (Planning).
Thus, the required operational planning and control activity is A: Review the consequences of unintended changes.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Who is required to ensure that staff are supported so that they can contribute to the information security management system?
- A. Management responsible for each area of operation
- B. ISO/IEC 27001 practitioners within the organization
- C. Auditors who audit each area of operation
- D. Top management of the organization
Answer: D
Explanation:
Clause 5.1 (Leadership and Commitment) requires that:
"Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the information security management system by... ensuring that the resources needed for the ISMS are available... and supporting persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the ISMS." This makes it explicit thattop managementhas the responsibility to ensure personnel are supported so they can contribute to the ISMS. Option B (line management) may provide local support, but ultimate accountability rests with top management. Auditors (C) only evaluate compliance, not provide support.
Practitioners (D) help implement, but they don't bear formal responsibility under the standard.
Thus, the verified answer isA: Top management of the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which item is required to be included in an information security policy?
- A. A Statement of Applicability which defines the necessary controls to be implemented
- B. A commitment to satisfy applicable requirements related to information security
- C. A framework enabling concerns with the information security policy to be addressed
- D. A plan for the continual improvement of the information security management system
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clause 5.2 (Information security policy) requires that the policy:
* "includes information security objectives (or provides a framework for setting them)"
* "includes a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements related to information security"
* "includes a commitment to continual improvement of the ISMS."
Among the listed options, the exact mandatory requirement is"a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements related to information security". Option B partially reflects Clause 5.2 (commitment to continual improvement), but the wording given in the standard prioritizes the satisfaction of applicable requirements (e.g., legal, regulatory, contractual). Option C is not a policy requirement. Option D (Statement of Applicability) is a separate mandatory document (Clause 6.1.3) and not part of the policy itself.
Thus, the correct answer isA.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which trend in information security performance is required to be considered during a management review of the ISMS?
- A. Achievement of information security objectives
- B. Relevant external and internal requirements changes
- C. Decisions related to continual improvement opportunities
- D. Validity of information continuity controls
Answer: A
Explanation:
Clause 9.3.2 (Management Review Inputs) states that management reviews shall include:
"c) information on the information security performance, including trends in: (1) nonconformities and corrective actions; (2) monitoring and measurement results; (3) audit results; and (4) fulfilment of information security objectives." This makesachievement of information security objectives(option A) a required trend to be considered.
While external/internal requirements (C) and continual improvement opportunities (D) are also part of management review inputs, they are not specifically listed under "trends in performance." Option B is outside the direct requirement.
Thus, the verified answer isA.
NEW QUESTION # 45
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